Original Invention

Single cell trapping and DNA damage analysis using microwell arrays. Wood DK, Weingeist DM, Bhatia SN, Engelward BP.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jun 1;107(22):10008-13. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1004056107. Epub 2010 May 13.PMID: 20534572

Comparison to Standard Comet Assay

Further development of CometChip technology to measure DNA damage in vitro and in vivo: Comparison with the 2 gels/slide format of the standard and enzyme-modified comet assay. Collia M, Møller P, Langie SAS, Vettorazzi A, Azqueta A.Toxicology. 2024 Jan;501:153690. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153690. Epub 2023 Nov 29.PMID: 38040084

Chemical screens: NCTR study includes over 2000 samples and shows efficacy of CometChip for chemical testing

Evaluation of an in vitro three-dimensional HepaRG spheroid model for genotoxicity testing using the high-throughput CometChip platform. Seo JE, He X, Muskhelishvili L, Malhi P, Mei N, Manjanatha M, Bryant M, Zhou T, Robison T, Guo X.ALTEX. 2022;39(4):583-604. doi: 10.14573/altex.2201121. Epub 2022 Mar 18.PMID: 35791290 

Assessment of DNA Repair among People

Systemic DNA Damage and Repair Activity Vary by Race in Breast Cancer Survivors. Divekar S, Kritzer R, Shu H, Thakkar K, Hicks J, Mills MG, Makambi K, Dash C, Roy R.Cancers (Basel). 2024 May 9;16(10):1807. doi: 10.3390/cancers16101807.PMID: 38791886

CometChip analysis of human primary lymphocytes enables quantification of inter-individual differences in the kinetics of repair of oxidative DNA damage. Ngo LP, Kaushal S, Chaim IA, Mazzucato P, Ricciardi C, Samson LD, Nagel ZD, Engelward BP.Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Oct;174:89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.033. Epub 2021 Jul 26.PMID: 34324980 

Application for the Analysis of Anticancer Drug Activity

Trabectedin derails transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair to induce DNA breaks in highly transcribed genes. Son K, et al. Nat Commun. 2024. PMID: 38360910  doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45664-7

Utility of CometChip for analysis of Multiple DNA Repair Pathways

CometChip enables parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities. Ge J, Ngo LP, Kaushal S, Tay IJ, Thadhani E, Kay JE, Mazzucato P, Chow DN, Fessler JL, Weingeist DM, Sobol RW, Samson LD, Floyd SR, Engelward BP.DNA Repair (Amst). 2021 Oct;106:103176. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103176. Epub 2021 Jul 10.PMID: 34365116

Demonstration that CometChip is compatible with the In vivo Comet Assay

Novel In Vivo CometChip Reveals NDMA-Induced DNA Damage and Repair in Multiple Mouse Tissues. Owiti NA, Corrigan JJ, Pribyl LJ, Kay JE, Engelward BP.Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 4;23(19):11776. doi: 10.3390/ijms231911776.PMID: 36233095 

Application of CometChip for Analysis of Organotypic Cultures

Repeat treatment of organotypic airway cultures with ethyl methanesulfonate causes accumulation of somatic cell mutations without expansion of bronchial-carcinoma-specific cancer driver mutations. Wang Y, Le Y, Harris KL, Chen Y, Li X, Faske J, Wynne RA, Mittelstaedt RA, Cao X, Miranda-Colon J, Elkins L, Muskhelishvili L, Davis K, Mei N, Sun W, Robison TW, Heflich RH, Parsons BL.Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2024 Jul;897:503786. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503786. Epub 2024 Jun 24.PMID: 39054009

Utility of CometChip for analysis of Multiple DNA Repair Pathways

CometChip enables parallel analysis of multiple DNA repair activities. Ge J, Ngo LP, Kaushal S, Tay IJ, Thadhani E, Kay JE, Mazzucato P, Chow DN, Fessler JL, Weingeist DM, Sobol RW, Samson LD, Floyd SR, Engelward BP.DNA Repair (Amst). 2021 Oct;106:103176. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103176. Epub 2021 Jul 10.PMID: 34365116

Studies of HepaRG Cells

Genotoxicity assessment in HepaRG™ cells as a new approach methodology follow up to a positive response in the human TK6 cell micronucleus assay: Naphthalene case study. Recio L, Fowler J, Martin L, Swartz C.Environ Mol Mutagen. 2023 Oct-Nov;64(8-9):458-465. doi: 10.1002/em.22575. Epub 2023 Oct 26.PMID: 37704589

Genotoxicity assessment of eight nitrosamines using 2D and 3D HepaRG cell models. Seo JE, Yu JZ, Xu H, Li X, Atrakchi AH, McGovern TJ, Bruno KLD, Mei N, Heflich RH, Guo X.Arch Toxicol. 2023 Oct;97(10):2785-2798. doi: 10.1007/s00204-023-03560-x. Epub 2023 Jul 24.PMID: 37486449

HepaCometChip: Compatibility with HepaRG Cells with optional Repair-Trapping to Detect Bulky Lesions

Using the HepaCometChip Assay for Broad-Spectrum DNA Damage Analysis. Owiti NA, Kaushal S, Martin L, Sly J, Swartz CD, Fowler J, Corrigan JJ, Recio L, Engelward BP.Curr Protoc. 2022 Sep;2(9):e563. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.563.PMID: 36165707 

Sensitive CometChip assay for screening potentially carcinogenic DNA adducts by trapping DNA repair intermediates. Ngo LP, Owiti NA, Swartz C, Winters J, Su Y, Ge J, Xiong A, Han J, Recio L, Samson LD, Engelward BP.Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Feb 20;48(3):e13. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz1077.PMID: 31822921 

Analysis of DNA damage in Intact Hepatocyte Spheroids on the CometChip

SpheroidChip: Patterned Agarose Microwell Compartments Harboring HepG2 Spheroids are Compatible with Genotoxicity Testing. Chao C, Ngo Le P, Engelward BP.ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020 Apr 13;6(4):2427-2439. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01951. Epub 2020 Mar 2.PMID: 33145399

Application of CometChip for studies of Nanoparticles and Microplastics

Assessment of Ingested Micro- and Nanoplastic (MNP)-Mediated Genotoxicity in an In Vitro Model of the Small Intestinal Epithelium (SIE). Yang Z, DeLoid GM, Baw J, Zarbl H, Demokritou P.Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 May 6;14(9):807. doi: 10.3390/nano14090807.PMID: 38727401

A Systematic Genotoxicity Assessment of a Suite of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Reveals Their DNA Damaging and Clastogenic Potential. Solorio-Rodriguez SA, Wu D, Boyadzhiev A, Christ C, Williams A, Halappanavar S.Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Apr 24;14(9):743. doi: 10.3390/nano14090743.PMID: 38727337

New methodological developments for testing the in vitro genotoxicity of nanomaterials: Comparison of 2D and 3D HepaRG liver cell models and classical and high throughput comet assay formats. Varet J, Barranger A, Crochet C, Huet S, Hogeveen K, Le Hégarat L, Fessard V.Chemosphere. 2024 Feb;350:140975. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140975. Epub 2023 Dec 22.PMID: 38142884

High-throughput screening platform for engineered nanoparticle-mediated genotoxicity using CometChip technology. Watson C, Ge J, Cohen J, Pyrgiotakis G, Engelward BP, Demokritou P.ACS Nano. 2014 Mar 25;8(3):2118-33. doi: 10.1021/nn404871p. Epub 2014 Mar 11.PMID: 24617523

Application of CometChip for Global levels of 5-Methylcytosine (Epicometchip)

The development and validation of EpiComet-Chip, a modified high-throughput comet assay for the assessment of DNA methylation status. Townsend TA, Parrish MC, Engelward BP, Manjanatha MG.Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017 Aug;58(7):508-521. doi: 10.1002/em.22101. Epub 2017 Jul 29.PMID: 28755435